Sunday, May 30, 2010

Baba Brinkman raps up Geek Week on the Rachel Maddow show!

Visit msnbc.com for breaking news, world news, and news about the economy

It is so cool to see Baba Brinkman hit the mainstream media now, after wowing so many of us in smaller shows around the world. We were lucky to get him on our campus early in the Darwin Bicentennial year, when he was performing at the Fresno Rogue Festival. Great to see Rachel Maddow putting him on to rap up her first Geek Week!

What next? The Colbert Report, dare one hope? I'd love to see that rap duel, wouldn't you?

Posted via web from a leaf warbler's gleanings

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Saturday, May 29, 2010

On saving a culture of co-existence between humans and wildlife

The people who share space and resources with wildlife are among the poorest and most disempowered in our country. Conservation efforts today are focused almost entirely on securing wildlife habitats and policing forest boundaries, but they ignore the costs the mere presence of wildlife places on human communities nearby. If we do nothing to reduce the burdens conservation places on them, or at least to share in their costs, we will only ensure that the cultural space they make for wildlife is lost. And that loss is bound to leave us immeasurably poorer, both ecologically and culturally.

That final para from an essay in the Times of India simply states an inescapable conclusion from the history of wildlife conservation in India; a conclusion that nevertheless continues to evade many a conservation biologist in the country (even discounting the old-school wildlifers), not to mention bureaucrats and politicians who actually have the power to implement conservation policies.

Do read the entire essay, penned by my good friends MD Madhusudan and Pavithra Sankaran of the Nature Conservation Foundation, a conservation research NGO that the former founded while in graduate school over a decade ago, and that is now one of the leading conservation research organizations in the tropics.

And if you do visit the NCF site, or know people there, you might also join me in congratulating another NCF scientist, Aparajita Datta, who has just been recognized by National Geographic as one of the Emerging Explorers of 2010! She too plays an important part in understanding, saving, and creating cultures of coexistence in difficult parts of the country.

I don't know what sort of reaction this article has generated among the average reader back in India - but just knowing that there is a vibrant group of young biologists building a new culture of human-nature coexistence (reconciliation ecology, if you will) in India gives me hope that not all is lost. That is, if people pause enough to listen to them and absorb the message.

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Friday, May 28, 2010

The news is often full of poop, but how often do you see a real poop expert on the news?

Visit msnbc.com for breaking news, world news, and news about the economy

Another reason to love Rachel Maddow - her priceless moments of geek!

Posted via web from a leaf warbler's gleanings

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Thursday, May 27, 2010

The squeaky wheel gets the worm after all...

That is one of my favorite mixed metaphors of all time, courtesy of Ted Case, who taught a pretty awesome Ecology class that I took as a grad student at UCSD a long time ago. He was discussing something about parent-offspring conflict and how the bird that makes the most noise gets the most benefit when parents come to stuff their nestlings' mouths with fresh caught worms.

Ergo, the squeaky wheel gets the worm!

I was reminded of that last Monday, within the first hour of a grant writing workshop I'm attending all this week, sponsored by CSU Fresno's RIMI project and NIH. In webinar (from NIH Program Officers) after seminar (from our Dean and RIMI faculty here) we were told that one of the key things we should do early in the grant writing cycle is to get in touch with a relevant NIH (or NSF) Program Officer, to run initial grant proposal ideas by them (best in the form of a short concept paper), and then to stay in regular contact with them while developing the proposal, and through the review process after submission. As one NIH officer put it: "remember what they say in Chicago: do it early, and do it often" (the it being, of course, getting in touch with the relevant Program Officer). Its not as easy as it seems for a beginning (or unsuccessful) grant writer, nervous as one is about putting one's ideas on the line to begin with. But I think we often don't realize that Program Officers at these granting agencies are not gate-keepers trying to keep us out of the exclusive club, but guides who can help us find the right way in - if we work with them and let them help us! Get them on your side so they may even advocate for you!

Be the squeaky wheel, if you really want that worm...

While listening to this sage advice from several speakers, I worked up the courage to nag my Program Officer at NSF. You see, I (insanely at the head of a team of 18 collaborators) had submitted a grant proposal for a multidisciplinary urban socioecology project a year ago, under the new Urban Long Term Research Area Exploratory Award competition. Last August, we got good reviews, and were put in the encouraging "fund-if-possible" category, just behind 17 other projects that got funded right off the bat! For us (and four others) it turned out not be immediately possible to fund - but we were told to wait. And waited we did. I nudged the Program Officer in charge of our grant in November, and was told to wait a while longer. And wait we did. Amid the madness of the spring semester I didn't get around to asking again, and grew increasingly apprehensive.

Along come these grant gurus this week, exhorting us to "stay on the radar screen of the Program Officers"! So I sent another email to mine, asking for an update on the status of our proposal, and updating him on some of the interesting (unfunded) progress we had made on the project in the meantime. And waited.

Today, while in another session of the workshop, I got an email from my NSF Program Officer, apologizing for the delay in the decision, and telling me they had now found enough money to fund our project! In full!! Thank you very much, o friendly guide (not gatekeeper) for helping find a way to get us into that exclusive club of NSF funded researchers! And thank you, grant gurus of the RIMI, for making me get back up on that radar screen.

So there you go... this squeaky wheel did get the worm, after all!

Now if you want to know how that worm turns out, keep an eye on this blog for I will be sharing some details of our grant proposal here soon, and continue to keep posting results from our project as it develops.

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Wednesday, May 26, 2010

A 9-year old's lovely doodle of Rainforest Habitat on Google's homepage

Have you seen this wonderful work of art on Google's homepage today? Dare I hope this lovely treatment of the famous Google logo gets at least as much attention as their recent one on Pac-man's 30th anniversary? Perhaps not, despite being far cooler. For the rainforest habitat has been around a lot longer than Pac-man - but we've been gobbling it up almost as fast as he does those pac-dots! It is good to see, however, that at least some 9-year-olds are thinking about the rainforest more than about video games - and gratifying that this design won the top national prize in the 2010 Doodle 4 Google contest! In the International Year of Biodiversity no less.

Posted via web from a leaf warbler's gleanings

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Alaotra Grebe: another one (that we know of) bit the dust...

London, England (CNN) -- The Alaotra Grebe, a small diving bird native to Madagascar has been officially classified extinct, according to a leading bird conservation organization.

BirdLife International reported that the species, once found on Lake Alaotra, the largest lake in Madagascar, declined rapidly due to carnivorous fish being introduced to the lake and the use of nylon gill nets by local fishermen.

"No hope now remains for this species. It is another example of how human actions can have unforeseen consequences," Dr Leon Bennun, BirdLife International's director of science, policy and information said in a statement.
via cnn.com

And so the bad news continues as we march on, oblivious, right through this Holocene mass extinction, uncaring, unaware of, or unwilling to admit our own culpability. Read the rest of the CNN story and Birdlife's report for more bad news about species on the brink. That we know of.

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...your condolences cannot be accepted at this time

We evacuated our homes in the light; we vanished from our homes in the dark; we walked away from our families, toward the weapons, and wished that we could turn around. Our bodies entered the earth in places we cannot now identify, and so we are everywhere, blown to dust. By both dying in and surviving this place, we will live here long after your condolences become a ghost in your throat.

This haunting passage comes from a short but intensely creative response to the memory of a war that lasted over a generation, consumed perhaps several generations, and ended a year ago. A war that many have already forgotten, if they'd even heard of it in the first place. Read the entire piece, and more in the special edition of Groundviews this comes from.

Hat-tip: Sepia Mutiny

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What really motivates your creativity?


Daniel Pink provides concrete examples of how intrinsic motivation functions both at home and in the workplace. View a video of Dan Pink’s talk at the RSA that inspired this animation.

Posted via web from a leaf warbler's gleanings

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Monday, May 24, 2010

First Principle of Science: Secure Funding Before Doing Research!

Harder said than done, that - getting funding secured, I mean. Which is why I'm spending all this week at a grant writing workshop offered by Fresno State's RIMI program and NIH! I'll write more about the research I'm trying to get funded this time, but meanwhile enjoy the rest of last week's Non Sequitur comic sequence which culminated in that sage advice you see above. It all started with the incomparable Danae (imagine the havoc she could have wrought if teamed up with Calvin!) discovering that there is money in scientific research:

 





Posted via web from a leaf warbler's gleanings

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Saturday, May 22, 2010

Pinnacles and Condors - a sample of biodiversity through my lens, and some thoughts on saving it



As we approach the end of the International Day for Biological Diversity 2010 (still an hour left in the day as I type this), allow me to share these images from a field trip I took my Birds and Reptiles class on a couple of months ago. Among other places we visited that weekend in early March, we camped and hiked in Pinnacles National Monument, where the above pictures are from (visit my original Flickr gallery to see the captions to the photos). Our main target species for that leg of the trip: the California Condor, which had been released in Pinnacles as part of the captive-breeding based recovery program. Even more exciting: just a week before our visit, one pair had just laid an egg in the park, the first recorded in the wild there in over a 100 years!

So did we see any Condors? I'll let you browse through the gallery above!

A couple of weeks after our visit, the egg duly hatched, and the chick was welcomed back to Pinnacles with much fanfare. Less than a year ago, I had seen, photographed, and blogged about a yearling Condor that had hatched in the Grand Canyon. And how that bird had made me eat crow about my youthful "pragmatic" opposition 20 years ago to the Condor recovery program because I couldn't justify spending so many millions of dollars on saving but a single solitary species! Yet here it was, the visible success of that program, soaring majestically over my head and across the Grand Canyon! We could save species if we really put our hearts (and wallets) into it!!

At Pinnacles, however, a mere two months later, things turned grim as the baby Condor had to be evacuated because it turned out to have extremely high levels of lead in its blood! This in a state that has banned the use of lead ammunition throughout the Condor's range for this very reason since mid-2008. Ponder the effectiveness of that ban! Since the lead in the baby's blood presumably came from the meat brought to it by its parents - the parents were also likely at risk from lead poisoning. So, around 10 days ago, the poor baby and its father were both evacuated to the Los Angeles Zoo for chelation treatments and related intensive care because the chick had declined to pretty poor shape. As far as I know, they haven't yet caught the mother, but the baby and father remain under treatment in LA. You can read more about their plight on the Audubon blog. I sure hope they recover and are returned soon to soar once again over the magnificent Pinnacles.

Meanwhile, what are we going to do about all that damned lead in ammo and in the Condors' habitat??!!

Ponder that question as you contemplate the meaning of this day, and of our efforts to conserve biological diversity on this planet. What do our strongest efforts on behalf of biodiversity amount to when so many of our fellow human beings carry on as if it doesn't really matter? Case in point: the California Condor, a classic flagship species for conservation if there ever was one, a species that our society has spent a great deal of time, effort, and money to pull back from the brink of extinction where our own thoughtlessness had pushed it. Yet, there it remains, teetering on the brink, because we cannot collectively bring ourselves to commit fully to saving this one species! How then, are we going to conserve biodiversity in a larger, planetary, sense? And how will we save ourselves, if we continue to lose, one after the other, the myriad species that make up the very ecosystems our lives depend upon?

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Why does the desert tortoise have to take one for the "green" energy team?

And other frequently asked questions answered here about the problems with putting giant industrial solar energy projects in the desert ecosystems of the American Southwest (and indeed elsewhere in the world, I daresay, where they may have other denizens than the Desert Tortoise). Although, that question above on behalf of the tortoise isn't asked frequently enough.



Chris Clarke takes on a gamut of these FAQs (and promises to add more links over the coming days, so bookmark this post, folks) starting with this popular one:


Aren’t you just a bunch of NIMBYs?


Many of us who oppose giant, remote industrial solar development are advocating, as an alternative, distributed generation from many sources including rooftop photovoltaic (PV) panels on businesses and homes. That pretty much makes us the exact opposite of NIMBYs. We want the stuff in our backyards.


 

Posted via web from a leaf warbler's gleanings

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Friday, May 21, 2010

Desert Solitaire

 
A lovely thought, a profound moment from someone's life, gave me pause this busy friday afternoon, when it reached me via email. Thought I should share:
From: "Wayne Tyson" <landrest@cox.net>
Subject: Reconciliation Ecology


The transformational event in my life occurred when I was fifteen years of age. My family was impoverished and in mental turmoil. I took walks into the desert alone. On one of these walks, "everything" stopped. The voice of my inner self "spoke" these words: "To reconcile the needs and works of humankind with those of the earth and its life." That was a long time ago, but the voice still is with me.
  
Fellow listener
Wayne Tyson, a fellow listener I know from Ecolog-L.

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Twist it, shake it, shake it, shake it, shake it, baby!

ResearchBlogging.orgYou are brightly colored - enough to be considered charismatic even by humans who like to keep you as a pet! You can make fairly loud calls. So how do you communicate with each other? Especially in the dark of night when you are most active? When bats are around listening for sounds to pick up juicy prey like you? Well, so much for the investment in all those bright colors (which may deter visual predators, but not in the dark!) and sounds (which the ladies may like, and we know they like to see you flirt with danger too) - the cost may be even steeper than you think! So what else is there for a little frog do to? Especially if another frog may sneak on to your favorite branch to put the moves on the princesses? There's got to be a better way to talk to each other for routine communication, no?



Well, if you've still got it, you gotta shake it, shake it, shake it, shake it, baby:




Pretty amazing that a common behavior in a species so well known had never been properly described or understood! Until someone thought to turn those darn lights off and let the frogs do their little dance in the dark. Check out the paper that goes with this video from Science Friday. Cool work!



References:


Caldwell, M., Johnston, G., McDaniel, J., & Warkentin, K. (2010). Vibrational Signaling in the Agonistic Interactions of Red-Eyed Treefrogs Current Biology DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2010.03.069



Robertson, J., & Zamudio, K. (2009). Genetic Diversification, Vicariance, and Selection in a Polytypic Frog Journal of Heredity, 100 (6), 715-731 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esp041

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Synthetic life is here? Deal with it.


via ted.com

That was the big story of the week in biology: the creation, in the lab, of a synthetic organism - a radically transgenic (transgenomic?) bacterium that had all its DNA replaced by a chromosome sequenced on a computer! So - not entirely synthetic, but enough where it counts, in its DNA. With a website url embedded within its code, no less! Heck, for all I know, the code for the above video might be embedded in there too! Or, at least, Dr. Venter's own face.

I know this has caused much stir in the media and for a number of people who were apparently not expecting anything like this to happen so soon (and Venter's hubris sure helps fan the flames as you can see in the comments thread responding to the TED video). Well, I think that most people familiar with modern molecular biology knew this was coming. Too soon? I don't know. Hardly surprising though, especially given Venter's record and stated ambitions in this area. I don't know enough about the molecular biology involved to say whether this is as big a breakthrough as is being suggested, but the feat sure seems pretty impressive.

As for what it means - I'll let the moralists on various sides (from the POTUS on down to your corner church and/or eco-anarchist co-op) sort that one out! We know (and have known for some time) that the technology is here, more or less, and now we have this semi-synthetic creature in our midst. Life just gets more exciting, doesn't it?

Venter was also interviewed on Science Friday earlier today, about this work. They don't have the audio up on the archive page for the interview yet, but I suspect they will soon enough, so keep an ear there if you want to hear more about this. And, for the gory details, you probably want to read the actual Science paper as well, right?

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The sad spiral of death for those who feast on the dead

Awaiting Death - Vultures are scavengers, and their life depends on a death. Today, it seems like they are awaiting their own demise. Can we stem the tide?



Moved by the plight of the vultures in Ramnagaram, we decided to make a short documentary that showcases various aspects of the problem. We thought that the reason vultures numbers were decreasing could have been due to changing cattle practices, illegal sale of cattle diclofenac and loss of habitat due to quarrying. We spoke to local villagers about the cattle practices followed in their villages. What follows is a story of one of the last few breeding populations of vultures in southern India. We hope that immediate steps are taken to save this landscape and its inhabitants.



via vidarbhawildlife.blogspot.com

The above documentary was made by students in the M.Sc. Wildlife Biology and Conservation Science program from Wildlife Conservation Society-India, at the National Center for Biological Sciences in Bangalore.

Posted via web from a leaf warbler's gleanings

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Thursday, May 20, 2010

Who needs a McMansion when you can fit 24 ecofriendly rooms in 300 sq ft?

Now this is one hell of a way to reduce one's ecological footprint!

How adversity and constraints can breed efficiency!

This brings back memories of tiny apartments in Bombay where I spent many a formative year, including my parental home in New Bombay (well, it was brand new then, in the 80s). Almost hard to remember now how I actually studied through half of my college years (the other half being in dorms) living in what I'd now call a studio apartment (known there as a 1 room+kitchen flat) - with my parents and two sisters! And how proud my mother had been when she got the keys to that govt. subsidized flat, our first owned home, in exchange for much my father's life savings. For getting to the point of owning even that tiny flat had taken my parents a decade and a half, such was the real estate market in that metropolis back then. I'm sure all that will sound like tall tales to my daughters born in the suburban sprawl of the modern American west!

Mumbai remains one of the most expensive real estate markets in the world, and people there too are pretty creative with efficient use of tiny spaces. But not quite like this, I don't think. This guy raises the art to a whole another level. Or several.

So what's the footprint (actual and ecological) of your house?

Hat-tip: Rebecca Skloot

Posted via email from a leaf warbler's gleanings

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Wednesday, May 19, 2010

The sloth and the hummingbird: antidotes to human malfeasance in the biosphere! (warning: serious cute overload!)

On days (weeks, really) like these, when the media abounds with bad news about the environment, including fresh videos of the oil continuing to gush out 'neath the ocean in the Gulf of Mexico, which itself may be heading for hypoxia, one desperately needs reminders that we human beings are not only about one constant fuckup after another. That we are, no doubt, more often that not. Fuckups, I mean. But we are also capable of some good, of relating with the environment and wildlife in tender, nurturing ways, of beginning to heal the injuries we have inflicted upon this world and ourselves.
So in that spirit of reconciliation ecology, of wanting to draw upon our innate biophilia and altruism, allow me to share with you a couple of videos of wildlife being rescued. Rest assured that neither video is anywhere near as heavy-handed in conveying the message as I just was. And if it helps - the wildlife being rescued are very very cute ... you've been warned!

First - whatever jackanapes came up with the idea that Sloth was a sin (or whatever jackanapes named these beautiful creatures after a sin) had clearly never experienced anything like this:


via vimeo.com
I filmed this at the Aviaros del Caribe sloth sanctuary in Costa Rica - the world's only sloth orphanage. Baby 2 and 3 toed sloths, whose mother's have either been run over or zapped by power lines are brought to the sanctuary and looked after by Judy Arroyo. For more sloth photos and vids visit my blog pinktreefrog.typepad.com or follow me on twitter @amphib_avenger. For more on the sanctuary go to slothrescue.org. Music: "Scrapping and Yelling" by Mark Mothersbaugh from "The Royal Tenenbaum's" movie soundtrack.
At the other end of the activity scale, check out this amazing tale of an injured baby Hummingbird rescued by humans - in astonishingly close and active collaboration with the wild mama hummingbird!! Wow!!


[Tip o' the hat to Arvind and Audubon California, both via Facebook]

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Celebrate the end of finals week with Bad Astronomy at the Downing Planetarium this friday!

Join us as we explore the sky at the Downing Planetarium! 

This month, Movie Night at the Central Valley Alliance of Atheists and Skeptics will be held at the Downing Planetarium.

We will be seeing two shows. 

First is Phil Plait’s “Bad Astronomy”, a show that explores and debunks astronomical myths like the moon landing “hoax”, and alien visitors to Earth in UFOs.  Dr. Plait will also explain several astronomical errors found in movies.  

“Bad Astronomy” is based upon the book “Bad Astronomy” also by Phil Plait.  This is an excellent book for any rational thinker to read and understand why some fringe claims about astronomy just don’t make sense. 

The second show is called “The Planets”.  This is a tour of the planets of the Solar System, based on the best data astronomers have currently gathered on our neighbors.  Find out how our solar system was formed, learn about hurricanes on other planets.  Also, we will learn about the extrasolar planets, planets that are orbiting other stars. 

We will be attending the Friday, May 21st showing, which starts at 7pm. To join us, you must call the planetarium to reserve your tickets.  Call the planetarium at 559-278-4071. 

The Downing Planetarium is located on the California State University, Fresno campus.  The best way to get there is from Cedar and Barstow, drive to Maple and Barstow, and park in the Green parking area.  (Google map of location)  (Campus map for parking). 

For more information, see the Downing Planetarium schedule

We’re looking forward to seeing you there!
via cvaas.org

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Map your yard's ecology, socially, the citizen science way!


Coming Fall 2010: an interactive citizen science project that allows you to map your yards and other greenspaces, like parks and community gardens, and share valuable habitat data with Lab of Ornithology scientists.
I just learnt about this upcoming project via @Team_eBird's twitter feed earlier today, where they were soliciting feedback on features in preparation for the upcoming beta release of the new YardMap project from Cornell's Lab of Ornithology, which has become the hub for so many good citizen science projects run on a national scale throughout the US. As you may know, from having read my research or visiting this blog before, I am passionate about citizen science because I see it as a win-win for the citizenry and science. Citizens can really help expand the scope and amount of data available to science, especially ecological science, immensely through well designed citizen science projects. This is particularly valuable for scientists like me at non-research-dominant (R01) institutions where we lack the resources and/or time to gather much data ourselves even though there are many important questions we need to and can address on local/regional/global problems. Case in point, the Fresno Bird Count is now at the core of my lab's urban ecology research program, and has already produced one Masters thesis (with at least two more on their way), numerous scientific/public presentations, and, hopefully soon, a peer-reviewed paper or two. Meanwhile, the other win can come from engaging ordinary citizens in conducting hands-on science in their own daily lives in ways that might help alleviate some of the anxieties about and suspicions towards science in this age of unreason that seems to be pervading us, especially here in America. Care to join me, and others like my colleagues at the Lab of O, in this effort?

So how does YardMap fit into the growing landscape of citizen science projects? Well, it looks like a pretty exciting project combining interactive online maps and social networking in a neat looking package that might tap into (one can only hope) whatever latent biophilia underlies the immense popularity of games like Farmville on Facebook. Here's a preview:


If that intrigues you, and especially if you are a birder and/or gardener, consider giving your input to the Lab of O as they finalize the design for YardMap. Start with this online survey, which should take no more than 15 minutes of your time, and also gives you the opportunity to join the beta-test of the site in a few months.

I look forward to sharing my YardMap with you and hope you will let me peek over the hedge into yours...

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Tuesday, May 18, 2010

Holy Kreuzschnabel!! Look at that beak pry open a pine cone!



I just discovered - a bit too late for my Birds and Reptiles class this semester, but I hope students retain enough interest to check this out - the YouTube channel of Cornell's Lab of Ornithology! Some lovely hi-def videos of birds there, including the one above.

These birds remind me of the year and half I spent a decade ago working with (and cleaning the scheisse off of the cages of) these birds' cousins, the Red Crossbills, the favorite Kreuzschnabel of my postdoc mentor Tom Hahn, then in Princeton. We had a whole colony of the Red birds, most of them (when not part of an experiment) up on the roof of Guyot Hall in an outdoor aviary that it was my charge to look after. Busy little birds who constantly needed something to sink their twisted little beaks into and shred to pieces - so we had to keep providing things like cat-scratching boards (cardboard ones from the pet shop) and pieces of wood. What really made them happy was when, around New Year's, Tom and I drove around the upscale suburbs around the Princeton campus picking up discarded Christmas trees to bring back to the aviaries. Oh how the crossbills loved that! Got really excited to have entire conifer trees to play on, and eventually shred to bits over several months - which, of course made my clean-up tasks that much harder! Some of them got excited enough to actually build nests in the trees and even fledge a few young. I wish I'd had a video camera back then, for I could've captured some wonderful acrobatic behaviors. At least I can now watch this Lab of O video and sigh nostalgically... I miss the naughty little beasts!

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Monday, May 17, 2010

60 Minutes report on BP's Deepwater Horizon Blowout and the ongoing oilpocalypse

Last night, CBS's venerable hard-hitting news magazine 60 Minutes aired their take on the oil gusher in the Gulf of Mexico. Here's the full report, in two parts (the website has more in the form of web extras, so do visit there).

There, now aren't you appropriately depressed for a Monday morning?

Posted via web from a leaf warbler's gleanings

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Thursday, May 13, 2010

Even waterfowl like the green. Of the $$ kind, that is, it seems.

ResearchBlogging.orgI've noted the so-called "luxury effect" in the distribution of biodiversity in urban areas on this blog before, as seen in the pattern of higher bird diversity in the more affluent areas of Fresno-Clovis, and in cities as far removed as Phoenix, Arizona and Leipzig, Germany. Well, another piece of evidence supporting this pattern was published yesterday in the letters section of The Fresno Bee! Radley Reep, a local birder who rang me up just a week or so ago to talk about potential collaboration with the Fresno Bird Count, wrote the following letter based on his own independent survey of ponding basins in Fresno. Now this is real citizen science! Here's the letter in its entirety:

I'm an avid birder. Recently I conducted an inventory of birdlife in Fresno's 130 ponding basins. The result surprised me.

For example, I would not have guessed that some waterfowl prefer inundated ponding basins north of Shields three to one over those farther south. This called to mind many differences between north and south Fresno.

The north is far more prosperous. There you can find more facilities for higher education, a greater number of well-known chain stores and a plethora of fast food restaurants. There are gas stations everywhere and much newer cars traveling much better roads.

The north is cleaner and greener. The sidewalks at ponding basins have less graffiti, the basins themselves much less trash. There are more curbs and gutters, more manicured lawns, larger wooded areas and open spaces.

While birds vote with their wings, people can't always vote with their feet. Some waterfowl have chosen north Fresno, but some south-Fresno residents may not have the resources needed to participate in that bounty.

Perhaps, one day, Fresno leaders will fashion an equally pleasant environment in south Fresno. Should that happen, then a simple inventory of birdlife may be the best measure of their success.

Radley Reep
Clovis
What's interesting about this result is that we are not talking about private ponds, but mostly public ones used for flood control. Which means that it is not only what people can afford to do on their own properties that can attract or repel more species of birds, as found in the previous studies. These waterfowl are preferentially selecting ponds in more affluent neighborhoods even though the ponds should be under the management of a single public agency - the county flood control district! So does the differential selection of ponds by neighborhood income indicate differences in how the ponds are managed? Reep already points out how graffiti-/trash-free ponds are in richer parts of town - although that explanation may not satisfy many birders whose first stop in a new city may well be the city dump or sewage treatment plant because that's where many cool waterbirds are! Or is the surrounding matrix of residential areas influencing habitat selection by the waterfowl? Or is it a combination of these and other factors acting in concert? Something to look into there, eh?

And I'm with Reep entirely in urging city leaders to take note of these socioeconomic disparities in access to nature and biodiversity as another dimension of environmental injustice - but one they can do something about especially in their planning for urban green spaces and ponds!

References:
Ann P. Kinzig, Paige Warren, Chris Martin, Diane Hope, & Madhusudan Katti (2005). The Effects of Human Socioeconomic Status and Cultural Characteristics on Urban Patterns of BiodiversityEcology and Society, 10 (1)

Michael W. Strohbach, Dagmar Haase, & Nadja Kabisch (2009). Birds and the City: Urban Biodiversity, Land Use, and Socioeconomics Ecology and Society, 14 (2)

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Wednesday, May 12, 2010

Stunning. Evocative. Melancholy. Sheer poetry this, in images drained of color, but full of life.



Hard to choose a favorite among the stunning images in Nick Brandt's gallery! You really must go see them all. But something about this lonely egg, abandoned on the drying earth underneath the grey skies, resonates with my own melancholia right now...


[Hat-tip: drm stream]

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Watch. And weep. For this surely is no mere "leak" or "spill". And its still gushing. Right now.



And before your eyes are dry and your mind is numb from thinking about this, go read this, about the Rainforest Chernobyl courtesy of another big oil company. Remember that? What have we done about it?

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Tuesday, May 11, 2010

Anil Gupta on tech innovation from and for the poor, and on giving credit where it is due


via ted.com

A wonderful talk from last November's TED India conference (which had many other great talks I am still catching up with as time permits). I particularly like this one and think it is worth sharing because Professor Gupta addresses issues of sustainability in a way not often seen in the usual discussions of "green technology": from the perspective of the poor! Imagine that!!

Far too many of us greenies/environmentalists still like to lament the environmental destruction in developing country and lay the blame on the "teeming masses" of poor people putting pressure on natural resources. Yet, very few of the green technologies one hears about in the mainstream public discourse are affordable to those very people we think are a burden on the environment. I've often found myself arguing about this with well-off friends and colleagues who (whilst often stretching their own wallets to shop at Whole Foods for the best organic produce or trying to buy the latest energy-efficient gadgets and cars) complain about people buying and using polluting/inefficient technologies in the developing world. Surely, green technologies will become truly sustainable only when they are affordable to the people living on economic margins - otherwise we may never be able to turn the tide.

Prof. Gupta makes another very crucial point about a common conundrum for environmentalists: the problem of scale! It is all very well to tell everyone to think globally and act locally, but many a creative environmental solution has floundered or stagnated at the very small-scale local level without making the kind of dent they should be able to in regional/global problems. As Prof. Gupta suggests, this may be a constraint partly in our minds, especially the minds of those who have the means to invest in growing such local solutions, but hesitate at the threshold worrying about growing markets and scaling up for profitability. Why has the dominant framework of economic/cultural globalization so clouded our minds that we insist on one-size-fits-all market scalability in everything, at the expense of workable local solutions that may nevertheless be profitable (in both the eco senses)? May Prof Gupta's Honey Bee Network lead the way in turning that tide.

And finally, how about properly acknowledging the real sources of innovation and ideas, even - especially - if they don't come with fancy degrees/titles or institutional/corporate logos attached?

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A nerdelicious fun race for my lab-bench bound biologist colleagues...

Quite a nerdy-creative video that, even if its an advert aimed at a narrow demographic!

[Hat-tip: Johannes Manjrekar via Facebook]

Posted via web from a leaf warbler's gleanings

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Sunday, May 9, 2010

Leopards test the Wildlife Institute of India's commitment to conservation amid humans!


This rather overwrought article (click on the image/link for a readable e-paper version) points to an interesting problem facing my alma mater in the Himalayan foothills: what to do about a leopard (or several) that have made the WII campus part of their home range over some years, but may be becoming a bit too frequent for some people's comfort? Its an interesting conundrum for an institution whose raison d'etre revolves around figuring out ways for wildlife (especially of the charismatic megafaunal variety) to coexist amid India's thriving human population. While it is interesting to read about the internal debate within WII, I'm disappointed that the report doesn't really address the potential impacts of whatever decision WII makes on ordinary people living around campus - despite the pictures of one such person! For in India the conflict is often sharper between advocates of wildlife conservation and people living in and around wildlife habitats than between wildlife and people! So I'm curious about that aspect of this scenario, and whether the administration of WII is responding to concerns about the leopards potentially threatening children not only on campus but off it too.

And I also wonder if there might not be a technological solution to this - or at least an opportunity to experiment with one. How about putting radio-collars (perhaps GPS enabled) on the cats and setting up an array of receivers across campus so their whereabouts can be monitored whenever on campus? One could take this a step further and link the automated monitoring to a real-time alert system that can tell people (perhaps via SMS on their mobile phones) when and where a leopard is on campus. Would make life easier for the parents if they can pull their kids inside whenever the cats appear, no? All while gathering interesting data on the behavior of the animals in such inhabited areas! Surely the WII has the expertise to do this, and someone is already be on this experimental path?

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Friday, May 7, 2010

How the wealth of your neighborhood and the water in your yard affect bird diversity

I wrote the following essay summarizing some early conclusions from the Fresno Bird Count for the April issue of the Yellowbill, the newsletter of Fresno Audubon. My student Brad Schleder presented some of these results as part of his masters thesis exit seminar earlier this week, and we also had a poster at the College of Science & Mathematics research poster symposium earlier today. So I thought I should also share this essay with you here:

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The American West faces a water crisis. Drought, urban growth, climate change and the continued demands of agriculture have combined to heighten the competition among water users. In California’s San Joaquin Valley, court-ordered water diversions under the Endangered Species Act have radically decreased water deliveries to many Valley farmers. A recent settlement providing for the restoration of the San Joaquin River and ongoing drought (in a region subject to repeated cycles of drought) have only exacerbated public debate about water and spurred the search for ways to conserve it. Valley farmers are experimenting with dry land farming methods, while valley cities are seeking ways to reduce urban water use. In the Fresno-Clovis Metropolitan Area, the City of Clovis already meters water use (but has relatively low water rates) and the City of Fresno will start metering water in 2013. How does our use of water (amount and method of use) affect other species such as birds that also occupy our urban landscapes? What can we do to improve the environment for ourselves and for sustaining biodiversity in the long run?

The Fresno Bird Count (FBC, http://www.fresnobirds.org/) was established by my laboratory at Fresno State in spring 2008 to begin long-term monitoring of bird species in the Fresno-Clovis metro area in part to address such questions about human actions and their effects on biodiversity. The FBC was modeled after the Tucson Bird Count which is now in its 10th year, as a citizen science project where volunteer birders from the community collaborate to gather data on bird distribution and abundance using statistically rigorous sampling and standardized census methodologies. As in Tucson, our volunteers count all the birds they can detect while standing at pre-determined fixed locations for 5 minutes each (i.e., a 5-min point count; see the FBC website for details of the protocol). Each point is a randomly selected location within a 1 km X 1 km square cell that is part of a 460 square kilometer (approx. 178 square miles) grid covering most of Fresno-Clovis and some outlying areas. In the first two years of the FBC, we have managed to survey about 180-200 of these points, and are seeking more volunteers to expand our coverage, because the more finely we can cover the highly variable urban landscape, the better our understanding of just what constitutes habitat for birds in the city and how various bird species use the spaces and resources we leave for them.

The FBC started with two broad goals: to keep track of how many birds of which species occur in the area and how their numbers change under ongoing urban growth; and, to provide basic bird data for more detailed studies focused on the connections between what we do in the urban environment and how birds respond to resulting changes in habitats. The first of such studies has just been completed by my graduate student and FBC coordinator Brad Schleder in the form of a Masters thesis. Brad focused on how we water our lawns and yards, and how the resulting residential landscapes attract different kinds of birds. After spending much of last summer driving around the city to various bird count locations to measure aspects of the habitat such as the number of trees, canopy cover, amount and height of grass, and degree of watering, Brad found some interesting patterns that may give pause even to some long-term birdwatchers living in the area. Of course, it may not surprise you to learn that we find more species of birds towards the north and north-west, in a slight trend of increasing diversity as we approach the river. On the other hand, would you have guessed that bird diversity is a good indicator of the wealth of a neighborhood? That indeed seems to be the case: more species of birds are found in wealthier neighborhoods than in poorer ones, and this is a pattern I’ve also found in Phoenix, Arizona! The reason here may have something to do with how people water their household landscapes. Brad found that poorer neighborhoods don’t water their yards quite as much as wealthier ones. This surprised us because, without metering, the cost of water is not a constraint for residents in Fresno - yet we already see a pattern predicted to occur as a result of metering! Perhaps the direct cost of water is not the only thing affecting the habitat in poorer neighborhoods; rather, landscaping one’s yard and maintaining it regularly is a costly enterprise regardless of how much water costs. If anything, the metering of water (if coupled with a rate structure designed to encourage water conservation) will only add to the burden and exacerbate the contrast in landscapes between rich and poor parts of the city! And the birds will likely notice the changes in the urban landscape and respond by changing their residential address too.

These first results from the FBC support a conclusion that is emerging from similar studies in other cities throughout the US: that biodiversity in cities is unevenly distributed, and tends to favor the rich. In other words, in addition to economic hardship, the poor also face an environmental injustice because birds (and other wildlife) will also flock preferentially to the richer neighborhoods where they may find more diverse landscaped yards with plenty of water and food. That may not be good news for Fresno and other valley cities facing tough economic challenges right now, with high levels of unemployment and rising poverty. Yet, there is also an opportunity here for city planners and developers to rethink the pattern of urban growth and plan for amenities such as more public parks and roadside landscaping that will support more biodiversity and provide greater access to nature for those who may need it the most in these troubled times.
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Published in the April issue of the Yellowbill.

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Unite Arizona: harnessing the power of maps to fight back against the new anti-immigrant law!

Maps can be powerful tools for social change, and I sure hope this new one plays its part in beating back Arizona's new anti-immigrant law. My friends who founded and run NiJeL.org which has developed a number of interesting crowdsourced community mapping projects (including some work on the Fresno Bird Count), have come up with a good response to the new Arizona law requiring police to stop and demand citizenship/immigration papers from anyone they suspect of being an illegal immigrant. While many of my friends from other states are thinking of boycotting Arizona (in their summer travel plans, among other things) and others living in the state are angry and upset about their state's legislature, NiJeL now offers a novel way to take action if you spot any incidents of harassment or victimization under the new law, or are subject to such yourself - read on for more about what you can do through Unite Arizona in this email they sent me today:

Dear Friends and Colleagues,

With the passage of Arizona Senate Bill 1070, global media, politicians, human rights groups, and concerned individuals have turned their attention toward Arizona, rightfully concerned about the negative impacts of this new law. Minority groups in Arizona have been and will continue to be subject to verbal and physical harassment and intimidation from organized hate groups, some members of law enforcement and xenophobic Arizonans. Moreover, many more victims will likely cease to report crimes out of fear of detention and deportation due to this law.



NiJeL created Unite Arizona (www.ImmigrantHarassment.com) to provide both a way for Arizonans to anonymously report harassment, intimidation, raids/sweeps, and an outlet for unreported criminal activity via SMS (text message), Twitter, email, or the web. These incidents will be filtered by the type of incident and visualized on a participatory map and a timeline for the community to see. This project was the subject of a recent NewTimes story (http://blogs.phoenixnewtimes.com/valleyfever/2010/05/immigrantharassmentcom_to_crow.php) and you may follow the project's updates on Twitter (@immigrantharass) or at our Facebook Fan page (http://www.facebook.com/lrpeck#!/pages/Unite-Arizona/114811748558349?ref=ts).



Unite Arizona uses the Ushahidi Platform: free and open source software designed to gather real-time, crowdsourced data for crisis response. Unite Arizona is currently live and accepting SMS data at 602-824-TALK (8255), Twitter updates with the hashtag #MHRSAZ, and emails at report@immigrantharassment.com.



Incoming data can be tagged by location, category, date and time, and each report can include references to news items, photos and video. Trusted site administrators are charged with mapping and coding incoming messages, approving and verifying each incident, scoring the reliability of the source and indicating the probability that the event is real. Users of the site can also rate the importance of incidents, promoting those that are particularly egregious. Finally, anyone can sign up to receive alerts of approved incidents, filtered by location. With this system we intend to provide a powerful reporting platform for victims and activists, an alert system for crisis responders, and a compelling visualization of the scale and scope of harassment, intimidation and unreported crime in Arizona.



We would be very interested in partnering with your organization for several purposes. First, we could use your help in disseminating the SMS or text message number (602-824-8255 or 602-824-TALK)), the Twitter hashtag #MHRSAZ and the email address, report@immigrantharassment.com, that people can use to report incidents. We would very much appreciate your help in disseminating this information to your networks. Thanks!!



There are a number of other ways to help us with this project:



Moderation Volunteering
If you would like to help us moderate reports of harassment, intimidation and unreported crime and comments from the public, please contact our volunteer coordinator, Layal Rabat, at lrabat@nijel.org. You will need to go though a background check process and attend a training session to learn how to use the internal moderation tools. Thank you!



Organizational Support
If your organization would like to show support for this effort and would like more information about how to get involved, you may contact me at jd@nijel.org. Thank you!



Donations
We are also accepting donations to help us support our volunteer coordinators, train new moderators, disseminate SMS and other site information, and improve the site technology among other items. Any amount would be much appreciated. Please follow the PayPal link below to donate, and thank you so much for your support of Unite Arizona!



https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_donations&business=T44QBNQGGRRJQ&lc=US&item_name=NiJeL%20%2d%20Community%20Impact%20Through%20Mapping&item_number=ImmigrantHarassment%2ecom&currency_code=USD&bn=PP%2dDonationsBF%3abtn_donate_SM%2egif%3aNonHosted

Posted via email from a leaf warbler's gleanings

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Thursday, May 6, 2010

I guess accidents can happen when your mind is focused on what's Beyond...

Ever since we changed our name from British Petroleum to BP (Beyond Petroleum) in 2000, we've led the way in developing progressive, environmentally friendly alternatives to gasoline. These last few years of pouring money into biofuels and renewable energy sources have been so great that I can't for the life of me remember why we used to drill for dirty old oil in the first place! What's that? You mean we're still pumping that stuff from hundreds of refineries all over the world?

Well, I'll be.

You know, I guess I've been so caught up in trying to make petroleum obsolete, I plumb forgot we're still in the business of selling fossil fuels. Oh sure, oil used to be a big thing with us from 1901 until after the new millennium, but these days I'm so busy with all the green-themed advertising campaigns and making a lasting commitment to our children's future—well, I just haven't thought about our worldwide system of oil fields in months! Funny how things just slip your mind when your multinational energy corporation vows to make obsolete the very product that brought it an unstoppable cash flow for over a century.

Hat-tip: Shankar Raman via Facebook, who dug up this Onion piece from the summer of 2008 - a very profitable summer for these oil companies, as I recall. Read the rest of the (now very darkly and mordantly) funny article via the above link - and laugh and weep...

Posted via web from a leaf warbler's gleanings

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xkcd: Desert Island

Now that's a landlubber's perspective, ain't it?

Posted via web from a leaf warbler's gleanings

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You gotta read between the lines in scientific papers to find these!

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Wednesday, May 5, 2010

RIP, Devra Kleiman, another sad loss to conservation biology

I just learnt of another sad loss to the field of conservation biology: Dr. Devra Kleiman of the Smithsonian National Zoo. I first heard of Dr. Kleiman when learning about captive breeding as a conservation strategy back at the Wildlife Institute of India some 20 years ago. In fact, if I remember correctly, Dr. AJT Johnsingh, our mentor there, knew her from his postdoctoral stint at the Smithsonian, and had some stories to share. I later had the fortune of meeting her briefly during a conference / visit to the National Zoo when I worked at the Smithsonian's Conservation Research Center for a short while. A remarkable, energetic, inspirational woman who helped establish the field of conservation biology - and was certainly a role model to young female biologists like my wife Kaberi - she also came across as a warm human being.

Here's an obituary from the Washington Post:
Devra G. Kleiman dies at 67; helped create field of conservation biology
Washington Post Staff Writer
Tuesday, May 4, 2010 
In a career spanning more than 40 years, much of it at the National Zoo, Dr. Devra G. Kleiman helped create and define the new field of conservation biology. 

She was perhaps best known for spearheading an unprecedented international effort to save golden lion tamarins -- small, reddish-orange monkeys that live in Brazil's Atlantic coastal forests -- from extinction. 

In the early 1970s, Dr. Kleiman responded to an alarm sounded by Brazilian biologist Adelmar Coimbra Filho. Golden lion tamarins were in trouble; research showed there were only several hundred of the animals remaining in the wild and fewer than 75 in captivity. Dr. Kleiman and Coimbra helped persuade officials at more than a dozen zoos not to sell their golden lion tamarins for profit. Instead, the zoos would lend the animals to one another for breeding. Eventually they gave up title altogether, ceding ownership to the Brazilian government. Dr. Kleiman played monkey matchmaker, using genetic data to determine which animals should mate to create strong offspring. 

Those offspring were reintroduced to Brazil, where Dr. Kleiman and Coimbra helped preserve and restore wide swaths of the animals' habitat. Today, about 1,600 golden lion tamarins live in the wild. Another 500 live in 145 zoos around the world. The species' status has been changed from critically endangered to endangered, and a Brazilian organization that Dr. Kleiman helped found is coordinating efforts to ensure the species' long-term survival. 

Dr. Kleiman's effort was "one of the greatest success stories in the history of modern zoos," said Steven Monfort, director of the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute. "It was the beginning of this revolution of the role of zoos as conservation organizations, instead of just having a place for exhibiting specimens for people to come look at and enjoy." 

The cooperative model Dr. Kleiman pioneered with the golden lion tamarin project has since been widely adopted as the most effective way to manage the genetics of rare species. It has been crucial to the successful reintroduction to the wild of species including the black-footed ferret and the California condor. 

At the same time that she was working with golden lion tamarins, Dr. Kleiman was making headlines for her efforts to breed the National Zoo's first pair of giant pandas. 
Ling-Ling and Hsing-Hsing were gifts from China, arriving at the zoo in 1972. Almost no rigorous research had been conducted on pandas and little was known about their behavior. 

Conventional wisdom held that pandas are solitary creatures, so Dr. Kleiman and her colleagues kept Ling-Ling and Hsing-Hsing apart except for brief annual mating periods. Their enclosure was spartan, a plain yard with one climbing platform. They ate a simple diet of rice gruel and milk. 

The pandas' reproductive results, carefully tracked by the national media, were heartbreaking. Between 1983 and 1989, Ling-Ling became pregnant four times. One baby was stillborn; the others died within hours or days of their birth. 

During the roller coasters of those pregnancies, Dr. Kleiman led a team of scientists who used cameras and trained volunteers to track the animals' behaviors. They wrote some of the first descriptions of pandas' vocalizations, their play, their scent markings and their deportment during mating. They concluded that pandas were social creatures who needed to interact. 

"As I think back to what we didn't know in 1972, it was just about everything," Dr. Kleiman told The Washington Post in 2001. "We were flying blind." 

When the National Zoo's second pair of pandas arrived in 2001, they dined on bamboo, carrots and apples, and they were allowed to play together in a large enclosure studded with sand wallows, ponds and trees. In 2005, the couple successfully produced Tai Shan, the first panda born at the National Zoo to survive longer than a few days. 

"We've gone way beyond where we were," Monfort said, "and Devra set the benchmark." 

'Hooked' on pandas 

Devra Gail Kleiman was born Nov. 15, 1942, in the Bronx, N.Y. She graduated from the University of Chicago in 1964. As an undergraduate, she raised a baby dingo in her apartment one summer and took a part-time job as an assistant on a research project to tame wolves. 

She spent hours in their cages doing crossword puzzles and homework assignments. The experience helped persuade her to forgo a career in medicine and study animal behavior instead. 

She received her doctorate in zoology from the University of London in 1969. After being turned down for one job because "there weren't enough women's toilets," she once said, she became one of the National Zoo's first female scientists in 1972. 

She became head of the Department of Zoological Research in 1979 and the zoo's assistant research director in 1986. She wrote and edited several books, including "Wild Mammals in Captivity," an animal-husbandry handbook and "Lion Tamarins: Biology and Conservation." 

After retiring in 2001, she continued to work on a number of conservation projects and was an adjunct professor of biology at the University of Maryland, a position she had held since 1979. She enjoyed spending time at her vacation home in Chincoteague, Va. 

Her first marriage, to John F. Eisenberg, ended in divorce. 

Survivors include her husband of 22 years, Ian Yeomans of Chevy Chase; three stepdaughters, Elise Edie of Ellensburg, Wash., Joanna Domes of Calgary, Alberta, and Lucy Yeomans of Manchester, England; her mother, Molly Kleiman of Silver Spring; a brother; and four grandchildren. 

When the first pandas arrived at the National Zoo, Dr. Kleiman told The Post in 2001, she was uninterested in studying them. "I thought it was too political and too dominated by public relations," she said. "But I started sneaking in and doing observations on them early in the morning. I got hooked."

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A blog about studying and applying evolutionary ecology in human-dominated landscapes from the Reconciliation Ecology Lab at California State University, Fresno

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