WASHINGTON (AFP) — The World Bank launched Monday a joint project with conservation groups and Hollywood to help reverse the dramatic decline of wild tigers in Asia, in what is seen as the single most important act to save the Big Cat.
The Tiger Conservation Initiative will begin by consulting with countries that have tiger populations to assess financing needs for conservation, identify funding sources and mobilize resources to protect the animals, officials said.
"Just as with many of the other challenges of sustainability -- such as climate change, pandemic disease or poverty -- the crisis facing tigers overwhelms local capabilities and transcends national boundaries," World Bank President Robert Zoellick said at the launching at the National Zoo in Washington.
"This is a problem that cannot be handled by individual nations alone. It requires an alliance of strong local commitment backed by deep international support," he said at the event held in sweltering heat alongside the zoo's enclosure of Sumatran tigers.
And here's what "Indy" Harrison Ford had to say:
Actor Harrison Ford, vice chair of the board of directors of the nonprofit Conservation International—one of the groups that will participate in the new plan—emphasized that local people should have a say.
"I recognize that these projects work more efficiently and more sustainably when local communities are involved," Ford told National Geographic News. "That's the general reality of the situation."
"I've seen how conservation outcomes are scaled up when a variety of people … pool together to apply their influence," he said.
Laudable sentiments these, and they've been generally well received in the US media. However, many of the tiger conservationists in India, the country with most tigers still in the wild, are not buying it! In fact, several prominent experts have sent a letter asking the World Bank to tread carefully! Ullas Karanth, as expected, doesn't mince his words on this:
The old Exxon ditty,“Put a tiger in your tank”, has been adopted by the World Bank. Reportedly prodded by its president, Robert Zoellick, the Bank will announce a new global initiative to save tigers. The ‘signature tiger event’ in Washington DC on June 9, will be co-hosted by several international conservation groups. Because such interest in wildlife conservation has been rare at the very top hitherto, there is much excitement within and outside the Bank.
Many conservation NGOs see the Bank’s tiger initiative as an opportunity to insert a preventive filter on destructive impact of the Bank’s developmental projects—dams, highways, mines—on wildlife habitats. Some hope that the Bank (and its ally, the Global Environmental Facility, GEF) can leverage China to curb its rapacious trade in tiger body parts. Others see more money in the pipeline to save tigers in the wild.
Sceptics, on the other hand, see the tiger initiative as a public relations ploy. They suspect that Bank simply wants to lend more profitably to high-growth economies of India and China, simultaneously green-washing its warty environmental visage.
Well put, sir! "warty environmental visage", indeed! The whole article is well worth reading. In addition to questioning the WB's motives and their track record (of mostly failure) with the earlier India EcoDevelopment Project (An WB-GEF venture), Ullas lists a litany of poor outcomes from that project, mostly from his experiences in Nagarhole. Having observed (closely at the start and more distantly in recent years) the IEDP project in Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve (KMTR, which Ullas also refers to), I can only concur with his concerns. Whatever the purported beneficial outcomes from the project to villagers around KMTR, I'm not sure it did very much at all to improve the status of wildlife or habitats in the reserve. Right from the outset, it was apparent that the emphasis was going to be on the "development" part of the equation: most of the recommendations made by me and several colleagues for establishing and maintainng a robust wildlife and habitat monitoring program to properly assess the impact of this "pilot" project were effectively ignored! As a result, the WB (and its minions from the Indian forest bureaucracy) can claim that this project was successful without a shred of actual credible ecological evidence to support the conclusion. And based on what I saw of the participatory microlending schemes implemented through local village committees, and their adverse effects on Kani tribals living within the forest, I'm not too sure that the project's socioeconomic methodology was all that robust either (but that's not my domain of expertise). To then claim success, how can they possibly connect the dots between whatever socioeconomic activities succeeded and any change in the status of wildlife, when they did not have a proper monitoring program in place to begin with?
In addition to these problems with past projects, Ullas raises a very pertinent point: does India, which is supposed to be in an economic boom this decade, really need to borrow money from the Bank to save tigers? Or even to improve the livelihoods of its villagers, one might add? Not really, given that the Indian government itself has recently committed a large sum of money to tiger conservation. Rather, in this instance, it seems the shoe might actually be on the other foot, with the World Bank needing India more than India needs its money:
Although this is a global tiger initiative, the Bank desperately needs Indian involvement to maintain credibility. For all its problems, India harbours some 1,500 wild tigers. China has only a handful left, with 5,000 more captives waiting to be butchered, although domestic trade is still banned.
Consequently, there is a covert campaign to compel India to seek the Bank’s assistance to save tigers. Officials are dangling before the Indian government the World Bank’s “convening power”, “expertise in tiger conservation”, and “innovative business models” as baits.
Given this unusual leverage, I hope, fervently, that for once, the Indian government actually uses it to kick the WB to the kerb, slap its warty environmental visage, and force it to own up to its true responsibility and its past. I'm not holding my breath, however...